DRAWING EQUIPMENT & MATERIAL

Before starting to draw, you must be first familiar with the different type of drawing equipment. You must also know how to maintain them. Basic knowledge and skill in using drawing

equipment are very important in producing quaity drawings.

Drawing Equipment

Drawing Board

drawing board

drawing table

T-square

• has two main part, the lead and a long piece peroedicular to the head.
• it is made of hard wood or plastic material.
• usually used with the drawing board.

Set Square

• made of high quality tranparent plastic.
• both squares have different angles
• one has 30° and 60°. other one has 45°.

Drawing Pencil

• have a different type of pencil used in engineering drawing.
• the grade of pencil is hard, medium and soft.
• hard - used to make light construction lines, alphabet guide lines and sharp lines. 9H, 8H, 7H, 6H, 5H and 4H pencils.
• medium - produce medium light lines. It used for sketching, lettering, drawing arrow pointers, objects and middle lines. 3H, 2H, H, F, HB and B pencils.
• soft - produce rough lines that can smudge the drawing paper. 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B and 7B pencils.
• But now, engineering drawing is made easier by the use of mechanical pencils. Its point is always sharp. Available in different sizes of 0.3mm, 0.5mm and 0.7mm.

Erasing Shield

• it is made of thin metal
• it used to protect nearby lines from being erased.

Sampling Template

• it is additional equipment used to achieve uniformity in drawing.
• different type of sampling template for different engineering fields.
• for geometric construction such as circles, ellipses, rectangles and polygon
• an engineering sampling template contains symbols used in a particular engineering field.

Scaled Rulers

• made of wood or plastic
• the triangular scaled ruler is one of the most regularly used.
• measurement unit is in the metric system with ratios of 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75 and 1:125

Eraser

• two types of erased used in engineering drawing are pencil eraser and ink eraser.
• pencil eraser - soft n texture and can erase spots without damaging the drawing paper.
• ink eraser - rougher texture and it used to erase ink spot.

French Curve

• it is made of transparent plastic material
• used to draw curves
• available in different shapes and sizes.

Flexible Curve

• used to draw curves.
• it is made of flexible plastic material with lead backbone.

Compass Set

• usually contains a drawing compass and a divider compass.
• also other accessories which can be used with them.
• the pencil holder adn the pointed tip must be well maintained for them to work well.

CATEGORIES OF ENGINEERING DRAWING

In general, engineering drawing can be divided into two. It is :-

1) Geometrical Drawing

2) Related Drawing

Geometrical Drawing

In can be divided into :-

i. Plane Geometry
 The drawing is made in 2D

ii. Solid Geometry
 3D drawing - has width, length and height.
 Can be used as refenrence for clarification of a drawing

Related Drawing

It is drawn based on the standard symbols used in engineering field. The finished drawing incorporate all the technical details and information in it. Related drawing are divided based on the engineering fields such as :-

a) Electrical Engineering Drawing

i. Electrical Drawing

 It used to show wiring
 Also show location of electrical transformer according to specific wiring rules.

ii. Electronic Drawing

 Shows the connected electrical component symbols arrange according to the schematic circuit.

b) Civil Engineering Drawing
i. Building Drawing
 Shows the design specifications of a building

ii. Piping Drawing
 Shows the piping system of a building.

c) Mechanical Engineering Drawing
The drawing givens a detailed description of the shape and size of a machine component. They are many types of mechanical drawing, among them :-
i. Component Drawing

ii. Sectional Drawing

iii. Assembly Drawing

iv. Working Drawing